RPC and Real-Time PCR for Lyme Disease Detection
At the heart of Atlantic Canada’s scientific community, the RPC Bioscience Team leverages over 25 years of molecular analysis experience. Included in their expertise is Real-Time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), a powerful tool used to detect DNA sequences. Now, this same technique plays a vital role in addressing the escalating tick population—a consequence thought to be a result of climate change. In this article, we explore how Real-Time PCR aids RPC scientists in identifying the causative agents of Lyme disease.
All Life Has a Blueprint: DNA and Lyme Disease
Before we dive into the specifics of Real-Time PCR, let’s explore the foundation of life: DNA. From towering trees to microscopic bacteria, all living organisms share this fundamental code and each DNA code is unique amongst species. The stealthy culprits behind Lyme disease are known to be bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi (found in the Eastern tick), Borrelia garinii (found in the Western tick), and Borrelia afzelii (European).
From Tick to Laboratory: The Journey of Lyme DNA Detection
1. Sample Collection and Lysis:
When you submit a tick to RPC’s laboratories, the process begins. First, the tick undergoes lysis - a scientific term for dissolving its body. Imagine a microscopic digestion process, breaking down the tick’s protective shell.
The tick’s remains are placed in a solution, where enzymes dismantle its cellular structure. This step is essential for accessing the target DNA within.
2. DNA Extraction:
Once the tick is thoroughly dissolved, RPC scientists extract its DNA. This genetic material holds the key to identifying Lyme-causing bacteria.
Primers and probes - tiny molecular detectives - are introduced. These specialized molecules seek out a specific DNA sequence known to be unique to Borrelia species.
3. Real-Time PCR: The Detective Work Begins:
Armed with primers and probes, the sample enters the Real-Time PCR instrument. This sophisticated equipment cycles through varying temperatures while amplifying target DNA so RPC scientists can detect it.
As the temperature fluctuates, the primers bind to their target region on the bacterial DNA. Think of it as a photocopier producing countless copies of a crucial document.
The results appear on a graph. If Borrelia DNA is present, the curve spikes - indicating a positive detection. If not, the curve remains flat.
4. Interpreting the Results:
RPC scientists analyze the curve generated from the PCR instrument. Did the Lyme-causing bacteria reveal themselves? The result is the reported in a timely manner to the individual who submitted the tick to the laboratory.
The stakes are high — early detection means timely intervention.
If you find a tick on yourself, a family member or a pet, and would like to know if it carries the bacteria that causes Lyme disease, simply send it from anywhere in Canada to RPC for fast, reliable and accurate results. Click here for more information on sending a tick to be tested at RPC.
RPC’s Pioneering Bioscience Team
In addition to testing ticks for the causative agents for Lyme disease, RPC’s laboratories provide a wide range of scientific and engineering services. In operation since 1962, RPC continues to shape our understanding of health and resilience in the face of changing climates and emerging challenges.
Fun Fact
Continuously demonstrating innovation and commitment, RPC’s scientist were pioneers in identifying a virus that significantly impacted the aquaculture industry. They also helped to develop vaccines and introduced new diagnostic techniques that benefit the province of New Brunswick and beyond. With over 25 years of experience in disease diagnostics, RPC scientists continue to make valuable contributions to our communities.
About RPC
RPC is New Brunswick’s provincial research organization (PRO), a research and technology organization (RTO) offering R&D and technical services at our locations in Fredericton and Moncton, New Brunswick.
RPC’s complement of over 140 scientists, engineers and technologists are supported by world-class analytical chemistry, air quality and material-testing laboratories, comprehensive life science capabilities, an internationally recognized fish health lab, extensive product development, design, manufacturing and testing services, and a wide variety of pilot facilities for the development and improvement of industrial and environmental processes and products.
RPC holds over 100 accreditations and certifications including a diverse ISO 17025 scope from the Standards Council of Canada (SCC) and is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Success in accreditation programs assures our clients that our services can be relied upon to meet all essential standards of quality.
In business since 1962, RPC offers services to New Brunswick and beyond serving clients in 30 countries.